{"id":121,"date":"2024-06-24T14:22:53","date_gmt":"2024-06-24T14:22:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/friendsofglass.com\/cz\/why-glass\/why-glass-history\/"},"modified":"2025-07-02T12:49:27","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T12:49:27","slug":"historie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/friendsofglass.com\/cz\/proc-sklo\/historie\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d sklo? – Historie"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
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Historie <\/p>\r\n

Jakou m\u00e1 sklo historii? <\/h1>\r\n
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Vydejte se s n\u00e1mi na cestu \u010dasem a odhalte bohatou historii tvo\u0159enou d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi skl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi tradicemi<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy bylo objeveno sklo?<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Objevte fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1tky skl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sahaj\u00ed a\u017e do starov\u011bk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed v Mezopot\u00e1mii a Egypt\u011b kolem roku 4000 p\u0159. n. l. Um\u011bn\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9ho skla, od zdoben\u00fdch n\u00e1dob a\u017e po slo\u017eit\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 artefakty, vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o vynal\u00e9zavosti a \u0159emesln\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f. <\/span>Ale k<\/span>do ho skute\u010dn\u011b vynalezl?<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Odhalen\u00ed p\u016fvodu <\/span>\u2013<\/span> cesta zp\u011bt<\/span> do doby 4000 let p\u0159. n. l.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh skla za\u010dal p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v dob\u011b 4000 let p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem, pr\u00e1v\u011b z t\u00e9to doby poch\u00e1z\u00ed prvn\u00ed historick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o v\u00fdrob\u011b skla \u010dlov\u011bkem, a\u010dkoli prvn\u00ed dut\u00e9 n\u00e1doby byly vyrobeny a\u017e kolem roku 1500 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem, kdy bylo j\u00e1dro z p\u00edsku pokryto vrstvou roztaven\u00e9ho skla tak, aby z\u00edskalo tvar pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro skladov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin. D\u016fmysln\u00e9 techniky, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali prvn\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00edci, v\u010detn\u011b tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00e1dra a mozaikov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce se sklem, polo\u017eily z\u00e1klad pro roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdroby. Revoluci ve v\u00fdrob\u011b pak zp\u016fsobili \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 vyn\u00e1lezem foukan\u00e9ho skla kolem 1. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili tak pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1dob.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vezm\u011bme si t\u0159eba olivov\u00fd olej \u2013 to je skv\u011bl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad spojen\u00ed skl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby a kulturn\u00ed historie. Od dob starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158ecka a\u017e po sou\u010dasnou Evropu byly n\u00e1doby v\u017edy kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem v\u00fdroby a spot\u0159eby olivov\u00e9ho oleje. S t\u00edm, jak se \u0159eck\u00fd vliv \u0161\u00ed\u0159il po Evrop\u011b, roz\u0161i\u0159oval se i v\u00fdvoz olivov\u00e9ho oleje. Nejprve byl olej uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n v elegantn\u00edch amfor\u00e1ch, pozd\u011bji v\u0161ak pot\u0159eboval novou n\u00e1dobu vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro p\u0159epravu. Jako ide\u00e1ln\u00ed volba se uk\u00e1zaly b\u00fdt robustn\u00ed a hygienick\u00e9 sklen\u011bn\u00e9 demi\u017eony. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\r\n

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\"history-decorations-islamic-golden-age\" <\/div>\r\n

St\u0159edem pozornosti se v Isl\u00e1msk\u00e9m zlat\u00e9m v\u011bku stalo zdoben\u00ed <\/h3>\r\n

B\u011bhem <\/span>I<\/span>sl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho zlat\u00e9ho v\u011bku, kter\u00fd trval od 8. do 13. stolet\u00ed, se skl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed da\u0159ilo zejm\u00e9na v oblast<\/span>i<\/span> S\u00fdrie, Egypt<\/span>a<\/span> a Persie. Isl\u00e1m\u0161t\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00edci zdokonalili sv\u00e9 techniky a zavedli slo\u017eit\u00e9 dekorativn\u00ed styly<\/span>, <\/span>jako je glazov\u00e1n\u00ed a smaltov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span>. <\/span>V jednotliv\u00fdch dekorech se spojovala inspirace \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi metodami s m\u00edstn\u00edmi surovinami nalezen\u00fdmi v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, d\u00edky tomu zahrnovaly z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e9 barvy a jemn\u00e9 smaltovan\u00e9 a zlacen\u00e9 prvky.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n

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\"history-venetian-glass-renaissance\" <\/div>\r\n

Ben\u00e1tsk\u00e9 skl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 obdob\u00ed renesance <\/h3>\r\n

P\u0159esuneme-li se do It\u00e1lie, jsou to Ben\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se od 13. stolet\u00ed staly p\u0159edn\u00edm centrem skl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed<\/span>, a to<\/span> d\u00edky sv\u00e9 roli v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho centra nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Evropou, Bl\u00edzk\u00fdm v\u00fdchodem a Asi\u00ed. Ben\u00e1t\u0161t\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00edci zdokonalili techniky, jako je v\u00fdroba <\/span>cristalla<\/span> (\u010dir\u00e9ho skla) <\/span>nebo<\/span> filigr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce se sklem. Ben\u00e1tky se tak staly centrem um\u011bleck\u00fdch a technologick\u00fdch inovac\u00ed. Bohat\u00ed mecen\u00e1\u0161i jako francouzsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Ludv\u00edk XIV. <\/span>nebo<\/span> anglick\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovna Al\u017eb\u011bta I. zad\u00e1vali skl\u00e1\u0159\u016fm zak\u00e1zky na v\u00fdrobu slo\u017eit\u00fdch a dekorativn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f pro praktick\u00e9 i ozdobn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, co\u017e d\u00e1le podpo\u0159ilo rozvoj tohoto odv\u011btv\u00ed.\u00a0 <\/span>Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 16. stolet\u00ed se v\u011bhlas ben\u00e1tsk\u00e9ho \u0159emesla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il po cel\u00e9m Star\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, a\u010dkoli ben\u00e1tsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady po v\u011bt\u0161inu jeho existence udr\u017eovaly p\u0159esn\u00fd postup v\u00fdroby jako p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b st\u0159e\u017een\u00e9 tajemstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\r\n

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Po\u010d\u00e1tky pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho <\/span>skl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed \u2013 od<\/span> Appertova<\/span> p\u0159evratn\u00e9ho objevu po pokroky pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Dal\u0161\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm momentem v historii uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed potravin byl objev Nicolase Apperta, kter\u00fd vynalezl zp\u016fsob konzervace om\u00e1\u010dky ve sklen\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch. V roce 1809 vyvinul Appert p\u0159evratnou metodu uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed potravin do sklenic a jejich vystaven\u00ed teplu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b steriloval obsah a zabr\u00e1nil zka\u017een\u00ed. Uzav\u0159en\u00e9 n\u00e1doby vytvo\u0159ily vzduchot\u011bsn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zastavilo r\u016fst mikroorganism\u016f, tak\u017ee potraviny podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed rychl\u00e9 zk\u00e1ze, jako jsou om\u00e1\u010dky, mohly b\u00fdt uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny po del\u0161\u00ed dobu bez chlazen\u00ed. Appertova inovativn\u00ed technika zm\u011bnila potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl nejen t\u00edm, \u017ee umo\u017enila dlouhodob\u00e9 skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00edho zk\u00e1ze, ale polo\u017eila tak\u00e9 z\u00e1klady modern\u00edch metod uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed potravin, v\u010detn\u011b konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed a pasterizace.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

K dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 inovaci m\u011blo doj\u00edt ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii b\u011bhem pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce, kdy v roce 1886 Howard Ashley z Castlefordu v hrabstv\u00ed Yorkshire vytvo\u0159il poloautomatick\u00fd stroj schopn\u00fd vyrobit 200 lahv\u00ed za hodinu, co\u017e byl neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fd v\u00fdkon, kter\u00fd ztrojn\u00e1sobil rychlost v\u00fdroby v jeho tov\u00e1rn\u011b. T\u00edm inovace neskon\u010dila, o 20 let pozd\u011bji, v roce 1903, vytvo\u0159il Michael Owens ze st\u00e1tu Illinois v USA pln\u011b automatizovan\u00fd stroj, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1zal vyrobit 2 500 lahv\u00ed za hodinu, co\u017e byl d\u0159\u00edve nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Od doby <\/span>vzniku pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho skl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed<\/span><\/a> neust\u00e1le stoup\u00e1 produkce na\u0161ich obl\u00edben\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f, om\u00e1\u010dek ve sklenic\u00edch nebo zava\u0159enin, kter\u00e9 se dostaly do dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed milion\u016f, ne-li miliard lid\u00ed.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\r\n \"international-year-of-glass-campaign\" <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n
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Oslava historie a inovac\u00ed v r\u00e1mci Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho roku skla <\/h3>\r\n

Lahve a sklenice jako starobyl\u00fd materi\u00e1l s bohat\u00fdm kulturn\u00edm d\u011bdictv\u00edm hraj\u00ed v na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli ji\u017e tis\u00edce let. I nad\u00e1le jsou v\u0161estrann\u011b vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9, recyklovateln\u00e9 a neust\u00e1le inovovan\u00e9. Proto OSN ofici\u00e1ln\u011b vyhl\u00e1sila rok 2022 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm rokem skla, aby oslavila jeho mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy pro podniky i spot\u0159ebitele. <\/p>\r\n

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Do budoucnosti! Jak vypad\u00e1 budoucnost skla?<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

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V posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch se v\u00fdroba skla st\u00e1le vyv\u00edj\u00ed d\u00edky pokroku ve v\u011bd\u011b o materi\u00e1lech a technologi\u00edch. C\u00edlem je, aby lahve a sklenice byly pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se sn\u00ed\u017eil dopad v\u00fdroby na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Nov\u00e9 inovace, jako jsou hybridn\u00ed pece vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce obnoviteln\u00e9 energie, vyleh\u010den\u00e9 lahve nebo odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obaly, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady pro to, aby v\u00fdrobci mohli i v budoucnu poskytovat spolehliv\u00e9 obaly, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me r\u00e1di.\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u011b vznikly organizace jako <\/span>Asociace pro historii skla<\/span><\/a> (Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie), muzea jako Corning Museum of Glass (USA) a The Glasmuseum Hentrich (N\u011bmecko) a akademick\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 skupiny jako Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komise pro sklo, kter\u00e9 pokra\u010duj\u00ed v dokumentaci, studiu a ochran\u011b historie a kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed skla \u2013 aby odkaz skl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed p\u0159etrval i pro dal\u0161\u00ed generace.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n \r\n

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Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek <\/p>\r\n

<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n Zobrazit v\u0161echny \u010dl\u00e1nky\n \n<\/svg><\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n
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Vybrat si sklo znamen\u00e1 vychutnat si chu\u0165<\/a><\/h4>\r\n

Sklen\u011bn\u00e9 obaly jsou vyrobeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ze \u010dty\u0159 slo\u017eek \u2013 p\u00edsku, sody, v\u00e1pence a recyklovan\u00e9ho skla (st\u0159ep\u016f). Pokud si zvol\u00edme sklo, vyb\u00edr\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edrodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativu…<\/p> \r\n

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Sklo na cest\u011b do budoucnosti\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\r\n

U\u017e jste n\u011bkdy vid\u011bli, jak se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed sklen\u011bn\u00e1 lahev? Tento fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed proces zahrnuje taven\u00ed vybran\u00fdch surovin a jejich tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed do r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f a barev. <\/p> \r\n

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Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi sklem a k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1lem?\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\r\n

V\u0161echen k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1l je sklo, ale ne v\u0161echno sklo je k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1l. Jak tedy funguje? V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku si vysv\u011btl\u00edme v\u0161echny rozd\u00edly a podobnosti mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma univerz\u00e1ln\u00edmi materi\u00e1ly.<\/p> \r\n

\r\n\r\n<\/svg>4 min <\/p>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":119,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-121","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPro\u010d sklo? - Historie - Friends of Glass CZ<\/title>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n