{"id":121,"date":"2024-06-24T14:22:53","date_gmt":"2024-06-24T14:22:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/friendsofglass.com\/sk\/why-glass\/why-glass-history\/"},"modified":"2025-07-02T12:58:47","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T12:58:47","slug":"historia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/friendsofglass.com\/sk\/preco-sklo\/historia\/","title":{"rendered":"Pre\u010do sklo? – hist\u00f3ria"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
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Hist\u00f3ria skla<\/p>\r\n

Ak\u00e1 je hist\u00f3ria skla?<\/h1>\r\n
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Vydajte sa s nami na cestu \u010dasom, aby ste odhalili bohat\u00fa tapis\u00e9riu hist\u00f3rie utkan\u00fa starovek\u00fdm p\u00f4vodom skl\u00e1rstva.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kedy bolo vyn\u00e1jden\u00e9 sklo?<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Objavte fascinuj\u00face po\u010diatky v\u00fdroby skla, ktor\u00e9 siahaj\u00fa a\u017e do starovek\u00fdch civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed v Mezopot\u00e1mii a Egypte okolo roku 4000 pred Kristom. Od zdoben\u00fdch n\u00e1dob a\u017e po zlo\u017eit\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 artefakty, umenie starovek\u00e9ho skla vypoved\u00e1 o vynaliezavosti a remeselnej zru\u010dnosti na\u0161ich predkov. Tak kto to vlastne vymyslel?<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Odhalenie po\u010diatkov \u2013 a\u017e do roku 4000 pred Kristom<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Pr\u00edbeh sa za\u010d\u00edna v roku 4000 pred Kristom, ke\u010f archeol\u00f3govia na\u0161li skor\u00e9 historick\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy o umelom skle, hoci prv\u00e9 dut\u00e9 n\u00e1doby boli vyroben\u00e9 a\u017e okolo roku 1500 pred Kristom tak, \u017ee sa pieskov\u00e9 jadro pokrylo vrstvou roztaven\u00e9ho skla, aby mohlo nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 tvar<\/span>,<\/span> na uskladnenie produkcie. D\u00f4myseln\u00e9 techniky, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali ran\u00ed remeseln\u00edci, vr\u00e1tane tvarovania jadra a mozaikov\u00e9ho skla, polo\u017eili z\u00e1klady pre roz\u0161\u00edrenie v\u00fdroby. Rimania sp\u00f4sobili revol\u00faciu vo v\u00fdrobe vyn\u00e1lezom f\u00fakania skla okolo 1. storo\u010dia pred Kristom, \u010d\u00edm sa roz\u0161\u00edrilo pou\u017e\u00edvanie n\u00e1dob.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vezmite si olivov\u00fd olej: je to skvel\u00fd pr\u00edklad spojenia skl\u00e1rstva a kult\u00farnej hist\u00f3rie. Od starovek\u00e9ho Gr\u00e9cka a\u017e po s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa Eur\u00f3pu boli kontajnery v\u017edy k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm prvkom v\u00fdroby a spotreby olivov\u00e9ho oleja. Ako sa gr\u00e9cky vplyv \u0161\u00edril po Eur\u00f3pe, r\u00e1stol aj export olivov\u00e9ho oleja. Olej, ktor\u00fd sa najsk\u00f4r skladoval v elegantn\u00fdch amfor\u00e1ch, potreboval nov\u00fa n\u00e1dobu, ktor\u00e1 by bola vhodnej\u0161ia na cestovanie, a robustn\u00e9, hygienick\u00e9 sklenen\u00e9 demi\u017e\u00f3nov\u00e9 f\u013ea\u0161e sa uk\u00e1zali ako dokonal\u00e1 vo\u013eba.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\r\n

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Dekor\u00e1cie boli stredobodom z\u00e1ujmu v islamskom zlatom veku<\/h3>\r\n

Po\u010das zlat\u00e9ho islamsk\u00e9ho veku, ktor\u00fd trval od 8. do 13. storo\u010dia, skl\u00e1rstvo prekvitalo najm\u00e4 v regi\u00f3noch ako S\u00fdria, Egypt a Perzia. Islamsk\u00ed remeseln\u00edci zdokona\u013eovali svoje techniky a zaviedli zlo\u017eit\u00e9 dekorat\u00edvne \u0161t\u00fdly, ako je lesk a smaltovanie. Tieto n\u00e1vrhy kombinovali in\u0161pir\u00e1ciu r\u00edmskymi met\u00f3dami s miestnymi ingredienciami nach\u00e1dzaj\u00facimi sa v pr\u00edrode a zah\u0155\u0148ali \u017eiv\u00e9 farby a jemn\u00e9 smaltovan\u00e9 a pozl\u00e1ten\u00e9 prvky.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n

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Majstrovstvo ben\u00e1tskeho skla – obdobie renesancie<\/h3>\r\n

Po prechode do Talianska sa Ben\u00e1tky od 13. storo\u010dia stali popredn\u00fdm centrom skl\u00e1rstva v\u010faka svojej \u00falohe hlavn\u00e9ho centra obchodu a obchodu v Eur\u00f3pe, na Strednom v\u00fdchode a v \u00c1zii. Ben\u00e1tski remeseln\u00edci zdokonalili techniky, ako je v\u00fdroba <\/span>cristallo<\/span> (\u010d\u00edreho skla) a filigr\u00e1nska skl\u00e1rska v\u00fdroba, \u010d\u00edm sa Ben\u00e1tky stali centrom umeleck\u00fdch a technologick\u00fdch inov\u00e1ci\u00ed. Bohat\u00ed patr\u00f3ni, ako napr\u00edklad franc\u00fazsky kr\u00e1\u013e \u013dudov\u00edt XIV. a anglick\u00e1 kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1 Al\u017ebeta I., poverili skl\u00e1rov, aby vytvorili prepracovan\u00e9 a dekorat\u00edvne k\u00fasky na praktick\u00e9 aj okrasn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, \u010d\u00edm \u010falej podporili rast tohto odvetvia. Za\u010diatkom 17. storo\u010dia si ben\u00e1tske remeslo z\u00edskalo \u0161irok\u00e9 uznanie v celom Starom svete \u2013 hoci ben\u00e1tske \u00farady dr\u017eali presn\u00fd proces po\u010das v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny svojej hist\u00f3rie ako pr\u00edsne str\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 tajomstvo.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\r\n

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Po\u010diatky priemyseln\u00e9ho skl\u00e1rstva \u2013 od <\/span>Appertovho<\/span> revolu\u010dn\u00e9ho objavu a\u017e po pokroky priemyselnej revol\u00facie<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

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O<\/span>bjav Nicolasa <\/span>Apperta<\/span> o konzervovan\u00ed om\u00e1\u010dky v skle znamenal k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd moment v hist\u00f3rii konzervovania potrav\u00edn. V roku 1809 <\/span>Appert<\/span> vyvinul revolu\u010dn\u00fa met\u00f3du uzatv\u00e1rania potrav\u00edn v poh\u00e1roch a ich vystavenia teplu, \u010d\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinne sterilizoval obsah a zabr\u00e1nil znehodnoteniu. Utesnen\u00e9 n\u00e1doby poskytovali vzduchotesn\u00e9 prostredie, ktor\u00e9 zastavilo rast mikroorganizmov, tak\u017ee potraviny podliehaj\u00face skaze, ako s\u00fa om\u00e1\u010dky, mohli by\u0165 uchov\u00e1van\u00e9 dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das bez chladenia. <\/span>Appertova<\/span> inovat\u00edvna technika nielen transformovala potravin\u00e1rsky priemysel t\u00fdm, \u017ee umo\u017enila dlhodob\u00e9 skladovanie a prepravu tovaru podliehaj\u00faceho skaze, ale polo\u017eila aj z\u00e1klad pre modern\u00e9 <\/span>met\u00f3dy konzervovania potrav\u00edn vr\u00e1tane konzervovania a pasteriz\u00e1cie.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Objav Nicolasa Apperta o konzervovan\u00ed om\u00e1\u010dky v skle znamenal k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd moment v hist\u00f3rii konzervovania potrav\u00edn. V roku 1809 Appert vyvinul revolu\u010dn\u00fa met\u00f3du uzatv\u00e1rania potrav\u00edn v poh\u00e1roch a ich vystavenia teplu, \u010d\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinne sterilizoval obsah a zabr\u00e1nil znehodnoteniu. Utesnen\u00e9 n\u00e1doby poskytovali vzduchotesn\u00e9 prostredie, ktor\u00e9 zastavilo rast mikroorganizmov, tak\u017ee potraviny podliehaj\u00face skaze, ako s\u00fa om\u00e1\u010dky, mohli by\u0165 uchov\u00e1van\u00e9 dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das bez chladenia. Appertova inovat\u00edvna technika nielen transformovala potravin\u00e1rsky priemysel t\u00fdm, \u017ee umo\u017enila dlhodob\u00e9 skladovanie a prepravu tovaru podliehaj\u00faceho skaze, ale polo\u017eila aj z\u00e1klad pre modern\u00e9 met\u00f3dy konzervovania potrav\u00edn vr\u00e1tane konzervovania a pasteriz\u00e1cie.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ia ve\u013ek\u00e1 inov\u00e1cia v hist\u00f3rii sa mala sta\u0165 v Brit\u00e1nii po\u010das priemyselnej revol\u00facie, ke\u010f v roku 1886 Howard Ashley z Castlefordu v Yorkshire vytvoril poloautomatick\u00fd stroj schopn\u00fd vyrobi\u0165 200 flia\u0161 za hodinu, \u010do je neuverite\u013en\u00fd v\u00fdkon, ktor\u00fd strojn\u00e1sobil r\u00fdchlos\u0165 v\u00fdroby v\u00a0 jeho tov\u00e1rni. Inov\u00e1cia sa t\u00fdm neskon\u010dila, preto\u017ee o 20 rokov nesk\u00f4r v roku 1903 Michael Owens z Illinois v USA vytvoril plne automatizovan\u00fd stroj schopn\u00fd vyrobi\u0165 2 500 flia\u0161 za hodinu \u2013 dovtedy nepredstavite\u013en\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Od <\/span>vyn\u00e1jdenia priemyseln\u00e9ho skla sa neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje po\u010det na\u0161ich ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdch n\u00e1pojov<\/span><\/a>, flia\u0161, om\u00e1\u010dok a poh\u00e1rov konzerv, ktor\u00e9 skon\u010dili v dom\u00e1cnostiach mili\u00f3nov, ak nie mili\u00e1rd \u013eud\u00ed.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n \r\n

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Oslava hist\u00f3rie a inov\u00e1ci\u00ed v Medzin\u00e1rodnom roku skla<\/h3>\r\n

Ako starovek\u00fd materi\u00e1l s bohat\u00fdm kult\u00farnym dedi\u010dstvom zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa f\u013ea\u0161e a poh\u00e1re \u00fastredn\u00fa \u00falohu v na\u0161ej spolo\u010dnosti u\u017e tis\u00edce rokov. A na\u010falej s\u00fa v\u0161estrann\u00e9, recyklovate\u013en\u00e9 a neust\u00e1le inovovan\u00e9. Preto bol rok 2022 ofici\u00e1lne vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd OSN za Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd rok skla \u2013 na oslavu jeho mimoriadnych v\u00fdhod pre podniky aj spotrebite\u013eov.<\/p>\r\n

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A do bud\u00facnosti! Ako vyzer\u00e1 bud\u00facnos\u0165 skla?<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

V posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach sa v\u00fdroba na\u010falej vyv\u00edja s pokrokom v oblasti materi\u00e1lovej vedy a technol\u00f3gie, ktorej cie\u013eom je <\/span>spevni\u0165<\/span> f\u013ea\u0161e a poh\u00e1re a zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 vplyv v\u00fdroby na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. Nov\u00e9 inov\u00e1cie, ako s\u00fa hybridn\u00e9 pece vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00face viac obnovite\u013enej energie, \u013eah\u0161ie f\u013ea\u0161e a <\/span>pevnej\u0161ie<\/span> poh\u00e1re<\/span>, to v\u0161etko nastavuje v\u00fdrobu <\/span>skla<\/span> tak, aby aj na\u010falej poskytoval<\/span>o<\/span> spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 obaly, ktor\u00e9 milujeme, a to aj v bud\u00facnosti.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Vznikli nov\u00e9 organiz\u00e1cie ako <\/span><\/span>Asoci\u00e1cia pre hist\u00f3riu skla<\/span><\/span><\/a> (Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo), m\u00faze\u00e1 ako <\/span>Corning<\/span> Museum<\/span> of <\/span>Glass<\/span> (USA) a <\/span>The<\/span> Glasmuseum<\/span> Hentrich<\/span> (Nemecko) a akademick\u00e9 v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 skupiny ako Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 komisia pre sklo, ktor\u00e9 pokra\u010duj\u00fa v dokumentovan\u00ed a \u0161t\u00fadiu, a zachovanie hist\u00f3rie a kult\u00farneho dedi\u010dstva skla, aby odkaz skl\u00e1rstva pretrval aj pre \u010fal\u0161ie gener\u00e1cie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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S\u00favisiace pr\u00edspevky <\/p>\r\n

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Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 sklenen\u00fdch obalov: Menej chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, viac zdravia\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\r\n

\u00abSklo a keramika maj\u00fa z\u010faleka najni\u017e\u0161\u00ed po\u010det nameran\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facich do kontaktu s potravinami.\u00bb\u00a0 Jane Muncke, Author and Managing Director and Chief Scientific Officer of the Food Packaging Forum  <\/p> \r\n

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Vybra\u0165 si sklo znamen\u00e1 vychutna\u0165 si chu\u0165\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\r\n

Pokud si zvol\u00edme sklo, vyb\u00edr\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edrodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativu a t\u00edm m\u016f\u017eeme pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit na\u0161i z\u00e1vislost na syntetick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech. Sklen\u011bn\u00e9 lahve a sklenice jsou inertn\u00ed, vyroben\u00e9 bez chemik\u00e1li\u00ed…<\/p> \r\n

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Sklo na ceste do bud\u00facnosti\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\r\n

U\u017e jste n\u011bkdy vid\u011bli, jak se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed sklen\u011bn\u00e1 l\u00e1hev?Skl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed je starobyl\u00e9 \u0159emeslo, kter\u00e9 kombinuje p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed ingredience, jako je p\u00edsek, soda…<\/p> \r\n

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